Can I create fee schedules based on job titles?

Yes, this is possible. You can make an Employee Group for each job title. Then, create the fee schedule and use your groups as Resources on the fee schedule. You can also use the rates by job classification feature wherein you can specify the Classification attribute of the employee while creating the fee schedule and then use it while entering time. CORE pulls the rates based on the employee classification match. Check CORE Help Center for details.